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Ulcers in Executive Monkeys
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Ulcers in Executive Monkeys : ウィキペディア英語版
Ulcers in Executive Monkeys

Ulcers in Executive Monkeys was a study into the effects of stress, published in 1958 in ''Scientific American'' by Joseph V. Brady.〔Brady, J. V. (1958). Ulcers in executive monkeys. ''Scientific American, 199''(4), 95-100. 〕
==Method of the experiment==
In an early version of the study, Brady placed monkeys in 'restraining chairs' and conditioned them to press a lever.〔Brady, J. V., Porter, R. W., Conrad, D. G., & Mason, J. W. (1958). Avoidance behavior and the development of duodenal ulcers. ''Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1''(1), 69–72. 〕 They were given electric shocks every 20 seconds unless they pressed the lever during the same time period. This study came to an abrupt halt when many of the monkeys died from perforated ulcers.
To test this Brady used a yoked control monkey. He placed an 'Executive Monkey' in the restraining chair, which could press the lever to prevent the electric shock. The yoked monkey had no control over the lever, leaving only the 'Executive' with the psychological stress of pushing the lever.

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